ESTIMATED TIME OF DEATHIn addition to the above changes Myat, a few other changes can be used to estimate time of deathA. Changes in eyeWhen
the eyes open in a dry atmosphere, the right frame on the sclera the
cornea will brown in a few hours, is triangular with the base edge of
the cornea (taches noires sclerotiques).Corneal opacities occur layer by layer. Turbidity
that occurs in the outermost layer can be removed with a drop of water,
but turbidity which has reached deeper layers can not be removed by
water droplets. Permanent turbidity occurred about - about 6 hours post death.Both
in closed and open state of the eye becomes cloudy cornea think - about
10-12 hours post-die and within a few hours fundus is not apparent. After the death of eye pressure decreases, allowing distortion of the pupil in the eye pressure. There was no relationship between pupil diameter with the length of dead.Changes in the retina can indicate the time of death hinnga 15 hours post-death. Up to 30 minutes post-dead looks turbidity macula and begin memucatnya optic disc. Then up to 1 hour post-death, the macula is more pale and the edges are not sharp anymore.After the first 2 hours post-death, the retina and the area around the disc pale yellow. The yellow color is also visible around the dark macula. At
that time the choroid vascular pattern that appears as patches -
patches with a red background, with a clear pattern of segmentation, but
to think - about 3 hours post-dead become blurred and after 5 hours
becomes more homogeneous and pale.At
about - about 6 hours post death, and only vague limits discus vessels -
large vessels that have segmentation that can be seen with the gray
yellow background. Within 7-10 hours post-death will reach the edge of the retina and the disc will be very blurred boundaries. At 12 hours post-death disc is only identified by a convergence of some of the remaining segments of blood vessels. At 15 hours post-death, no longer found a picture of blood vessels of the retina and disc, macula are visible only dark brown.
2. Changes in gastricGastric emptying speeds vary widely, so it can not be used to provide definite clues of time between the last meal and when they die. But the state of the stomach and its contents munkin assist in making decisions. The discovery of certain foods (bananas, tomato skins, seeds - grains) in the stomach contents can be used to infer that the victim before death have been eating these foods.
3. Changes in hairBy considering the average speed of hair growth - average 0.4 mm / day, long hair, mustache, and jengggot can be used to estimate time of death. This method can only be used for men who memepunyai habits or his beard and mustache shaved off the last time he shaved his mind.
4. Nail growthIn line with the above hair, nail growth is estimated to 0.1 mm / day can be used to estimate time of death if it can be seen as the relevant cut nails.
5. Changes in cerebrospinal fluidNitrogen levels of amino acids less than 14 mg% indicates that the death of the future 10-hour, non-protein nitrogen content of less than 80% indicates that the death has not been 24 hours, levels of creatine is less than 5 mg% - 10 mg% respectively - each menunjukka that death has not been 10 hours and 30 hours.
6. In the vitreous fluidAn increase in potassium levels are sufficiently accurate to estimate time of death 100 hours of post-24 study, go to die.
7. Levels of all blood componentsChanged after death, so as not die of blood analysis gives an overview of post concentration - certain substances during his lifetime. These changes are caused by the activity of enzymes and bacteria, as well as disruption of cell permeability of the dead. Besides disruption of bodily functions during the process of death can cause changes in the blood even after death occurs.
8. Supravital reactionThat momentary tissue reactions post clinical death is still the same as tissue reaction to someone who is alive.Some tests can be done tehadap corpse still fresh, such as electrical stimulation is still able to cause muscle contraction corpse until 90-120 minutes post-death, while trauma can still cause bleeding under the skin up to 1 hour post-death.
REFERENCES1. Idries AM.Pedoman Forensik.Jakarta Medicine: Binarupa script.2. Section of Forensic Medicine Medical FKUI.Ilmu Forensik.Jakarta: Forensic School of Medicine.3. Sampurna B, Syamsu Z.Peranan Medical Forensic Science in Law Enforcement; a pengantar.Jakarta: Forensic School of Medicine.4. In Maio D, Di Maio VJM.Forensic Pathology, New York.5. Hamza A, Code & KUHAP.Cetakan ninth, PT Rineka Copyright, New York: 19906. B Knight, Forensic Pathology, Second University Edition.New York.Oxford.7. Gani, MH Tanatologi in Forensic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine UNAND Padang 2008 :15-26 this8. Spitz. W. Medicolegal Investigation of Death. Charles C. Thomas. Publisher Springfield. Illinois, USA. 1973
2. Changes in gastricGastric emptying speeds vary widely, so it can not be used to provide definite clues of time between the last meal and when they die. But the state of the stomach and its contents munkin assist in making decisions. The discovery of certain foods (bananas, tomato skins, seeds - grains) in the stomach contents can be used to infer that the victim before death have been eating these foods.
3. Changes in hairBy considering the average speed of hair growth - average 0.4 mm / day, long hair, mustache, and jengggot can be used to estimate time of death. This method can only be used for men who memepunyai habits or his beard and mustache shaved off the last time he shaved his mind.
4. Nail growthIn line with the above hair, nail growth is estimated to 0.1 mm / day can be used to estimate time of death if it can be seen as the relevant cut nails.
5. Changes in cerebrospinal fluidNitrogen levels of amino acids less than 14 mg% indicates that the death of the future 10-hour, non-protein nitrogen content of less than 80% indicates that the death has not been 24 hours, levels of creatine is less than 5 mg% - 10 mg% respectively - each menunjukka that death has not been 10 hours and 30 hours.
6. In the vitreous fluidAn increase in potassium levels are sufficiently accurate to estimate time of death 100 hours of post-24 study, go to die.
7. Levels of all blood componentsChanged after death, so as not die of blood analysis gives an overview of post concentration - certain substances during his lifetime. These changes are caused by the activity of enzymes and bacteria, as well as disruption of cell permeability of the dead. Besides disruption of bodily functions during the process of death can cause changes in the blood even after death occurs.
8. Supravital reactionThat momentary tissue reactions post clinical death is still the same as tissue reaction to someone who is alive.Some tests can be done tehadap corpse still fresh, such as electrical stimulation is still able to cause muscle contraction corpse until 90-120 minutes post-death, while trauma can still cause bleeding under the skin up to 1 hour post-death.
REFERENCES1. Idries AM.Pedoman Forensik.Jakarta Medicine: Binarupa script.2. Section of Forensic Medicine Medical FKUI.Ilmu Forensik.Jakarta: Forensic School of Medicine.3. Sampurna B, Syamsu Z.Peranan Medical Forensic Science in Law Enforcement; a pengantar.Jakarta: Forensic School of Medicine.4. In Maio D, Di Maio VJM.Forensic Pathology, New York.5. Hamza A, Code & KUHAP.Cetakan ninth, PT Rineka Copyright, New York: 19906. B Knight, Forensic Pathology, Second University Edition.New York.Oxford.7. Gani, MH Tanatologi in Forensic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine UNAND Padang 2008 :15-26 this8. Spitz. W. Medicolegal Investigation of Death. Charles C. Thomas. Publisher Springfield. Illinois, USA. 1973
9. Camps. F. E. Recent advances in Forensic Pathology. J & A. Churchill LTD. 104 Gloucester Place. Of London. 1969
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