Hormonal Contraceptives part II

II.2. Mechanism of Hormone

2.1. Estrogen

Estrogen has a contraceptive efficacy by affecting ovulation, ovum travel, or implantation.
Ovulation is inhibited through the influence of estrogen on the hypothalamus and inhibits further FSH and LH. Ovulation is not always inhibited by the combination pills that contain estrogen mikrigram 50 or less. If these preparations are of high efficiency (95-98% inhibit ovulation), it is the effect of estrogen addition to progesterone.

Implantation of the fertilized egg is inhibited by high doses of estrogen (diethyl stilbestrol, ethinyl estradiol) is given in the middle of the menstrual cycle. The distance of time between conception and implantation of an average of 6 days. Endometrial biopsy is performed after the administration of high doses of estrogen post-conception shows antiprogesterone effects, which may inhibit implantation. Trip ova accelerated by administering estrogen after konsepsi.sarwono

2.2. Progesterone

Function of progesterone is to prepare the endometrium for implantation and maintaining pregnancy. In addition, progesterone also has contraceptive properties, as follows:
1. Changing the cervical mucus becomes more concentrated, so that subsequent sperm penetration and transportation more difficult.

2. Sperm capacitation is inhibited by progesteron.kapasitasi required by sperm to fertilize the egg and penetrate the barriers surrounding the ovum.

3. If progesterone is administered prior to conception, the fertilized ovum in the fallopian trip will be hampered.

4. Inhibited implantation when progesterone is administered before ovulation. Although ovulation can occur, the corpus luteum progesterone production will be reduced, so that implantation is inhibited.

5. Inhibition of ovulation through the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian.

There is a hormone in Contraception

1. Synthetic estrogen

2. Synthetic Gestagen

3. Norethisterone

4. DL-Norgestrel and Levonorgestrel

5. Desogestrel

6. Gestoden

7. Dienogest

8. Norgestimat

9. Klormadinon Acetate (KMA)

10. Cyproterone acetate (SPA)

11. Medroksi Progesterone Acetate (MPA)

12. Mifepriston

13. Danazol

II.3. Types of Contraception and Dose

Most hormonal contraceptives contain synthetic estrogen and gestagen, but there are also hormonal contraceptives containing gestagen only. (Figure 6)

II.4. Forms of Giving

Giving birth can take the form of tablets or drags and a depot injection. Oral contraceptives are usually packed in a box containing 21 or 22 tablets, and there is a fraction containing 28 tablets with a tablet last 6 or 7 of plasbo so no need to break the 6 or 7 days. Minipil used without a rest period of 35 tablets. Injeski depot preparations can be injection mikrokritalin (depoprovera) or liquid petroleum of steroid fatty acid ester (noristerat) estrogen-gestagen preparations are divided into monophasic combination, multilevel, and sequential biphasic. Preparations containing gestaten just like minipil, depot injection, progesterone-containing IUDs and implants. Preparations containing estrogen only limited to the use of pascaikoitus (postcoital pill).

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